dental instruments and medical personnel microbial contamination status of iatrogenic infection

 1.1 Microbial contamination of dental instruments dental instruments in addition to being the patient's blood, saliva and other oral secretions pollution, the environment may be dental, medical staff hand contamination. HBV, HCV, HIV and other viruses is not only present in the blood, which can be discharged from the saliva contaminated dental instruments. Our hospital dental equipment HBsAg contamination rate fluctuations on 5% to 30%, urban individual dental clinic equipment on HBsAg positive rate of 37%, rural clinics dental equipment on HBsAg positive rate of 62%. dental Vacuum Former handpiece contamination of up to 5 × 10 4 ~ 5 × 10 6 cfu/cm2. The findings microbial contamination of dental instruments three major categories namely oral colonization flora, gastrointestinal pathogens such as Salmonella bacteria group, Escherichia coli group, Shigella dysentery bacteria, Pseudomonas group and fungi, times but also have paid close attention to blood-borne disease pathogens.

    1.2 medical personnel iatrogenic infection status dental instruments serious pollution not only endanger the patient, it also endangers the medical staff. Dental Clinic medical staff is one of many facing the unknown HBV, HCV, HIV infection or pathogen carriers come to treatment, their blood, saliva may contain pathogenic factor, so that dental burs patients and medical staff have the chance of infection. According to the medical staff of cold Taijun population survey found that hospital medical staff serum HBsAg positive rate of the general population is 3 to 6 times, and dental medical staff serum HBsAg positive rate is four times the other department staff. Foreign existing clinical data show that dentists HBV, HCV, HIV infection problems are present occupation. According to Japanese scholars Mochizuki widely reported that the Japanese dental practitioner HBV infection rate was 35.9%. Practicing dentist in the United States are also infected with HIV was reported.

ultrasonic scaler Application Experience

Ultrasonic Scaler is the use of a frequency of 20Hz or more ultrasonic vibration for scaling and scaling tartar, plaque dental medical instruments, and compared to traditional manual dental equipments cleaning teeth, with high efficiency, speed, trauma, less bleeding , saving time, effort, etc.. Also its simple, does not require rigorous training, and good economic benefits, has been widely used oral clinical. I applied for many years, we found that the use of ultrasonic scaler there are many problems, are summarized below.

A disinfection problem

Clinically now mostly for cleaning teeth dental care, teeth cleaning when infection if other diseases, is worth the candle. It is suggested that a conditional selection handles medical units, working head can temperature, high pressure sterilization scaler to ensure that no cross-infection between patients.

Two did not conduct systematic training

Use Scaler, should carefully read the instructions, in strict accordance with the user guide for installation, operation. According to the author of 30 dentists survey, only eight simple read instructions, they think scaler simple operation, without read the instructions, and in most cases by the nurse or advanced students, interns to do this work. Because of the scaler operating environment, operating conventional understanding is unclear, easy to damage the machine, but also easy injury patients teeth.

Three operations are not standardized

In clinical work, often encounter patients questioned ultrasonic scaler, ultrasonic scaler they believe will damage teeth, because they are direct or indirect information is ultrasonic scaler pain, sore teeth, some people will last a long time, In addition to the patient's own reasons, but also with doctors improper operation, such as the output power is too large, the working head too much pressure and so on. Correct operation should be: in the Scaler work before lowering power transfer dental burs large amount of water; water ejected from the working head, according to the working head using different transfer power to an appropriate value. Average output power should not exceed half of its maximum power, special circumstances need to increase the power, try to shorten the operation time, otherwise easily damage the teeth, but also easy to damage the work tool and transducer. Regulation of water right after the output power should be carefully adjusted so that the mist reaches 35ml/min so. At this point, you can begin work, the working head on the tooth surface, tooth angle of 15 ° or so, to light, steady, clean teeth do not stop slight head movement, so that the working head stones in layers under the rapid vibrations exfoliation. Note that the operation fulcrum Qingwo equipment, appropriate force. If the contact with the tooth surface is easy to produce heat too tight, feeling sore tooth discomfort, general pressure to 700dyne appropriate.

X-ray detection machine of choice

What needed to purchase the right, both economic and practical X-ray detection machine, you must correctly select the X-ray detection machine. Usually selected X-ray detection machine

Should be considered penetration, X-ray tube focal spot size, shape and the like piece to be checked.

X-ray detection machine penetrating dental Suction Unit power depends on the capacity of the X-ray detection machine, both the X-ray detection machine for tube voltage and the higher the voltage, X-ray more hard, the greater the energy,

The stronger penetration, penetration ability and tube voltage proportional to the square. Further, in the same tube voltage, but also with the test workpiece material properties such as the density,

And being of the workpiece is the X-ray attenuation capacity. For steel and other heavy metals and thicker workpieces, because of its X-ray attenuation ability, it should be

Select a higher X-ray tube voltage detection machine; while for aluminum, magnesium and other light metals and thin workpieces, you can choose a lower X-ray tube voltage detection machine.

For the round of the workpiece, such as boilers Simplified or circumferential weld on containers, should be considered first choice circumferential exposure ray detection machine, in order dental burs to improve work efficiency, reduce labor

Dynamic strength, reduce radiation damage.

The workpiece is small, easy to move, the choice of mobile testing machine (stationary) X-ray detection machine, while the workpiece bulky or tall equipment, mobile convenient

, The choice of portable X-ray detection machine.

dental chair

Primarily for oral surgery and oral examination and treatment of diseases using. Current use of electric dental chairs, the main structure of eight parts (Figure 1), the whole solid membership base

Fixed on the ground, and through the bracket to the upper part of the base plate and join the dental chair, dental chair movement is controlled by a control switch on the back of the chair, its working principle is: the control switch Kai

Moving motor running and drive dental Suction Unit transmission mechanism work, so that the corresponding components dental chair from moving. According to the treatment needs of steering control switch button, to be completed by the dental chair

Up, down, stoop, Yang position and reset such action.
1 floor 2. Bracket 3 Seat 4 back 5. Armrest 6 head prop 7 head rest button 8. Control switch
Figure electric dental chair
Traditional sense of the dental chair generally refers to the price of 1 million or less simple dental treatment machine. Limited in terms of the township and individual clinics are more common. More old-fashioned

Chair without a doctor and assistant seats, some even without a spittoon, aspirator devices, has become a veritable "dental chair." Despite these relatively simple chair, but it can

To meet the needs of general dental treatment. In China's vast rural and urban communities, individual dental chair dental clinic that is still a considerable market. According to the survey in 1999

Accounted for 80% of total sales, the survey, while declining, still accounts for around 72% of total demand.
"People-oriented" dental chair design is the design concept of the rise in recent years, mainly in convenience, comfort, safety and health aspects for design purpose.
In a convenient, comfortable dental burs and safe areas: the high chair with a variety of personalized general operating procedures, individual physicians can rely on habit, set a different treatment locations

(Upper and lower jaw teeth and rescue bits), and can be programmed to do storage. The control section of the chair, from the beginning of the mechanical, electrical control up to the valve control, the solenoid

Valve control and other advanced control phase; priced at 70,000 yuan more than the high chair usually comes with automatic console, chair position adjustment back and knee joints comprehensive

Closing movement, up, down, tilt adjustment. The patient position is more suitable for the treatment; doctors seats and is equipped with anti-skid devices and multifunction foot control, the doctor may

The course of treatment according to need foot control, without stopping the operation of the equipment under the situation of water, air guns switching action. Treatment table comes in a variety of high-end switch

Designed direction, strong bass, vacuum pumps, liquid can separate large suction noise. On
In health, environmental protection: According to epidemiological data show that the presence of oral diagnosis and treatment of serious cross-infection problem. Dentists hepatitis B infection in the general population 3-6

Times, dentists HBV positive rate is 25.8% for HBV contaminated dental handpieces total positive rate of 62%. Therefore, to prevent cross-infection of dental equipment, dental chair design needs

Important factors to consider.

What is the dental implant

Dental implant is an implantable bone tissue in the lower part of the structure as a basis for support, retention edentulous upper dental prosthesis restoration. It includes support for the lower part of the implant

And the upper dental prosthesis in two parts. Dental implant artificial materials (such as metal, ceramic, etc.) made implants (generally similar to root morphology), organized by surgical implantation method

Inside (usually on the lower jaw) dental Endo Box and get solid bone tissue retention support through special device and connected to support the upper dental prosthesis. Dental Implants can be obtained with the day

However, tooth function, structure and aesthetic effect is very similar to repairing effect, has become more and more choice for patients with missing teeth restoration.
Implant System
Planting system usually based on the implant material, shape and structure, surface structure and connection method for classification. Oral Implantology Oral contemporary clinical practice makes

Implant material, and implant morphology tends simplification. Mainly by four implants made of commercially pure titanium, threaded cylindrical, root-shaped implant with its unique advantages of dental implants

Has become widely accepted within the implant forms. Studies have shown that moderate rough surface structure and surface area can be increased implant osseointegration. Therefore, the project

Clinical use before planting system is generally obtained through various different surface roughness of the rough surface. With the top of the implant by means of a prosthesis

The structure is connected Dental burs mainly divided into external and internal connections connecting the two.
Cropping systems commonly used in clinical usually consists of three parts:
1 implant: is implanted within the bone part, is still popular preform produced by different manufacturers implant shape, length, diameter, surface treatment, etc.

Not the same. But, in any case, must be biocompatible implant excellent material such as titanium, bio-ceramics production. So far, titanium dental implants is still

Material of choice. Titanium is a rare metal, periodic table of 22, an atomic weight of 47.9, a specific gravity of 4.5. Purity can be divided into four by, four hardest but the toughness is less than 1

Level. 4 titanium containing more than 99% and 100% of pure titanium can not be used nor economical. Most of the commercially pure titanium dental implants is that four titanium. Now widely recognized that

: Made with pure titanium bone implants can produce good osseointegration, its shape may be cylindrical, conical, can be threaded, threaded or not; surface

Etching, sand blasting or surface coating of titanium ions preferably a rough surface, because the rough surface of the implant and bone cells can increase the contact area.
2 abutments: Is part of the implant through the soft tissue, usually with screws to fix it to the implants. It can be the use of prefabricated components, or use the personalized

The production of components. Materials used in making the base station also need excellent biocompatibility, such as: titanium, precious metals, zirconium oxide, etc., and processed into a suitable shape, and high

Surface finish to protect the soft tissue health.
3 Superstructure: refers prosthesis usually has the crowns, bridges, brackets, attachments and other structures. Compared with conventional dentures, implant through a standard pre-

Components easier and more accurately through the base station will connect the implant prosthesis.
Implant-supported dental prosthesis type
Including dentition defect types used in implant-supported crown, bridge repair, denture repair using various implant-supported fixed and movable

Repaired. Implant prosthesis connection with the main use screw-retained and adhesion retention in two ways.
Dental implant adapt to the crowd
Individual missing teeth, missing teeth area planting bed properly.
Most tooth loss, intends to use fixed partial denture, to reduce the gap of missing teeth abutment ends of the burden of the middle need to implant abutments.
Denture teeth, missing teeth absorb severe alveolar ridge can not bear the load of the denture base.
Full mouth tooth loss, viable overlay or full mouth full mouth fixed implant restoration.
Long-term dangers of missing teeth
Tooth gap appears: a long missing teeth, close to the teeth will tilt the jaw teeth elongation, dentition destroy the integrity of the passage of time, the remaining teeth are gradually thinning

Open to lose a good close contact, could easily lead occlusal function disorder that.
Masticatory dysfunction: Missing teeth remaining after a series of changes, so that the original good occlusal relationship changed due to the effective functioning between the remaining teeth area is reduced,

Masticatory function decreased, missing a first molar full mouth chewing function will be reduced about 30%.
Alveolar bone atrophy: If missing teeth too long, there will be varying degrees of alveolar bone disuse atrophy, and with missing teeth prolonged increase, this will give late denture repair

Complex facial appearance and maintaining coordination enormous difficulties. Recommended reading: Ten Advantages of dental implant inventory
Affect pronunciation and appearance: Tooth loss can cause wrinkles increase the appearance of aging, speech is unclear. Eventually becoming restoration, teeth tilt and elongation would prevent normal jaw function

Able to exercise, often appear in the joints, pain and limited mouth opening, etc. temporomandibular disorder that relationship syndrome.
Dental implant treatment
Including: clinical examination and imaging studies, diagnosis and treatment planning, surgery, dental implants and production and repair and maintenance of prostheses. According kind

Implant placement and tooth extraction time, implant surgery can be divided into immediate implantation, delayed immediate (within 3 months after tooth extraction) and delayed implant (tooth extraction after three months and longer).

According prosthesis and implant loading time relationship, implants can be divided into immediate loading, early loading and delayed loading.
Complete implant surgery to implant wear this stage, but the long years of implant short. Implants, you need to follow your doctor's required to maintain

Oral hygiene and regular (three months, every six months, or every year) review. If subjected to a number of factors may occur prosthesis off, porcelain breakage, fracture, in order to

And abutment screw loosening, implant breakage and other mechanical complications; and bone resorption around the implant and other biological complications. Seriously affect the restoration, aesthetics, the need to

Surgical treatment or even remove the implant.
Above is about dental implant related presentations, I hope the majority of the friends help. Aesthetic Dental experts also said dental implant is a prosthesis with

"High, fine, sharp" features technology, only those with a high standard of technology and equipment conditions of professional bodies in order to carry out this operation, and this must be engaged in professional

With oral medicine knowledge and skill of the professional system strictly skills, it is recommended if you need dental implants, please choose a professional regular hospital. If you have any questions, please contact

Online experts.